Methodology & Sources

Temperature data comes from the Open-Meteo forecast and Archive (ERA5) APIs, refreshed automatically (current temperatures last updated 2026-07-12). Every other figure is hand-curated from the authoritative sources below; a build-time check rejects any statistic without a source link and date, and where a value cannot be sourced it is shown as “no data” rather than estimated.

Sources differ in definition, year, and method; each row carries its own citation so the basis is always visible. Figures combine official statistics, peer-reviewed studies, and national surveys.